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=The machines=
==THE GOVERNOR==
'''Links'''


==THE GOVERNOR==
'''Images'''
===Links===
===Images===


<gallery>
<gallery>
Centrifugal governor.png| Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve
Centrifugal governor.png|<p class="caption>Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve</p>
Centrifugal_governor_and_balanced_steam_valve_(New_Catechism_of_the_Steam_Engine,_1904).jpg|Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central valve stem is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right
Centrifugal_governor_and_balanced_steam_valve_(New_Catechism_of_the_Steam_Engine,_1904).jpg|<p class="caption>Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central valve stem is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right</p>
Ashton_Frost_engine_governor.jpg|Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine
Ashton_Frost_engine_governor.jpg|<p class="caption>Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine</p>
Boulton_and_Watt_centrifugal_governor-MJ.jpg|Boulton & Watt engine of 1788
Boulton_and_Watt_centrifugal_governor-MJ.jpg|<p class="caption>Boulton & Watt engine of 1788</p>
</gallery>
</gallery>


==M. SPECULARIX (The Cybernetic Tortoise)==
==M. SPECULARIX (The Cybernetic Tortoise)==
===Links===
'''Links'''


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLULRlmXkKo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLULRlmXkKo
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A news reel in which Grey Walter demonstrates the Cybernetic Tortoise
A news reel in which Grey Walter demonstrates the Cybernetic Tortoise


===Images===
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZJfsD3Ksu4
 
Recent demonstration with excellent description of how the Cybernetic Tortoise works
 
'''Images'''


<gallery>
<gallery>
MzU3NTY0Mw.jpeg|W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise. Image from [https://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10545770&itemw=4&itemf=0001&itemstep=1&itemx=1 Science and Society Picture Library/Getty images]
MzU3NTY0Mw.jpeg|<p class="caption>W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise. Image from [https://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10545770&itemw=4&itemf=0001&itemstep=1&itemx=1 Science and Society Picture Library/Getty images]</p>
MzU3NjcxMQ.jpeg|In this time-lapse photo from 1950, Walter has a smoke while one of his cybernetic tortoises roams about the living room. Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/time-lapse-photo-of-american-neurophysiologist-and-nieuwsfotos/88452911 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]
MzU3NjcxMQ.jpeg|<p class="caption>In this time-lapse photo from 1950, Walter has a smoke while one of his cybernetic tortoises roams about the living room. Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/time-lapse-photo-of-american-neurophysiologist-and-nieuwsfotos/88452911 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]</p>
Gettyimages-88452850-2048x2048.jpg|View of a so-called 'turtle' robot, designed by neurophysiologist and robotician Dr. William Grey Walter, named Elsie as it seeks bright lights with its sensors, April 1950. The sign reads 'Machina Speculatrix (Testudo); Elmer; Elsie (Habitat - W. England); Please Do Not Feed These Machines.' Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/view-of-a-so-called-turtle-robot-designed-by-nieuwsfotos/88452850 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]
Gettyimages-88452850-2048x2048.jpg|<p class="caption>View of a so-called 'turtle' robot, designed by neurophysiologist and robotician Dr. William Grey Walter, named Elsie as it seeks bright lights with its sensors, April 1950. The sign reads 'Machina Speculatrix (Testudo); Elmer; Elsie (Habitat - W. England); Please Do Not Feed These Machines.' Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/view-of-a-so-called-turtle-robot-designed-by-nieuwsfotos/88452850 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]</p>
2010122150328224-2011-01BREVHayesFA.jpg|Movement of the Cybernetic Tortoise. Image from ''THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN: Sketches of Another Future'' by Andrew Pickering. University of Chicago Press, 2010. Also available here from this review of the book: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/machines-minds-and-madness
2010122150328224-2011-01BREVHayesFA.jpg|<p class="caption>Movement of the Cybernetic Tortoise. Image from ''THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN: Sketches of Another Future'' by Andrew Pickering. University of Chicago Press, 2010. Also available here from this review of the book: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/machines-minds-and-madness</p>
GreyWalterSciAmAug51p4-x640.jpg|The circuit diagram of CORA (M. Docilis) from Scientific American, Aug 1951. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/cora-cyberneticanimals/cora-the-tortoise-m-docilis/ Cybernetic Zoo]
CORAdeLatilp1-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)c. 1951 - desktop demonstration version</p>
EichlerTortoisePic1.JPG|A tortoise built to the M. Docilis specification i.e. with the conditioned reflex. The student who built it was Ewald Eichler and it was built as part of his diploma thesis -Ewald Eichler: Ein umuetlabhaengiger Automat (Travail de diplome a  l’Universite techniquo de Vienne, 1954). More information available via http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/
GreyWalterSciAmAug51p4-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>The circuit diagram of CORA (M. Docilis) from Scientific American, Aug 1951. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/cora-cyberneticanimals/cora-the-tortoise-m-docilis/ Cybernetic Zoo]</p>
EichlerTortoisePic2.JPG|Another view of the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]
bareturtle-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise without carapace</p>
EichlerTortoisePic4.JPG|Circuit diagram for the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]
GW_20150904_0001-2-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>Grey Walter with demonstration version of CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)</p>
Mk 1969 01-Robot-Tortoise-Model-x640.jpg|Image from a Russian pamphlet of the Cybernetic Tortoise, 1969. Image from [https://cyberneticzoo.com/tag/cybernetic-tortoise/page/2/ Cybernetic Zoo]. [http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/mk_1969_01-4Robot-Tortoise-Model.pdf PDF] of pamphlet also available via Cybernetic Zoo.
ElsieV1_Lifep2.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of Cybernetic Tortoise (here referred to as a "turtle), Life Magazine, April 1950</p>
bareturtle-x640.jpg|W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise without carapace
EichlerTortoisePic1.JPG|<p class="caption>A tortoise built to the M. Docilis specification i.e. with the conditioned reflex. The student who built it was Ewald Eichler and it was built as part of his diploma thesis -Ewald Eichler: Ein umuetlabhaengiger Automat (Travail de diplome a  l’Universite techniquo de Vienne, 1954). More information available via http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/</p>
CORAdeLatilp1-x640.jpg| CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)c. 1951) - desktop demonstration version
EichlerTortoisePic2.JPG|<p class="caption>Another view of the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]</p>
GW_20150904_0001-2-x640.jpg| Grat Walter with demonstration version of CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)
EichlerTortoisePic4.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram for the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]</p>
ElsieV1_Lifep2.jpg|Diagram of Cybernetic Tortoise (here referred to as a "turtle), Life Magazine
Mk 1969 01-Robot-Tortoise-Model-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>Image from a Russian pamphlet of the Cybernetic Tortoise, 1969. Image from [https://cyberneticzoo.com/tag/cybernetic-tortoise/page/2/ Cybernetic Zoo]. [http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/mk_1969_01-4Robot-Tortoise-Model.pdf PDF] of pamphlet also available via Cybernetic Zoo.</p>
 


</gallery>
</gallery>


==SEER (SEquence Extrapolating Robot)==
==SEER (SEquence Extrapolating Robot)==
===Links===
'''Links'''
 
[http://web.media.mit.edu/~guysatat/MindReader/index.html Browser-based game developed at MIT media lab, a demonstration of Shannon's Mind-reading (?) Machine]
[http://web.media.mit.edu/~guysatat/MindReader/index.html Browser-based game developed at MIT media lab, a demonstration of Shannon's Mind-reading (?) Machine]


===Images===
'''Images'''
 
<gallery>
Shannon.jpg|<p class="caption>Claude Shannon's 1953 Outguessing (Mind-reading) Machine, at the MIT Museum. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html</p>
01-claude-shannon mind-reading-machine 1953.jpg|<p class="caption>Another view of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine</p>
08-claude-shannon mind-reading-machine-operating-diagram 1953.jpg|<p class="caption>Operating diagram of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine</p>
Hagelbarger Machine.jpg|<p class="caption>David Hagelbarger (who built the first outguessing machine), with his device. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html</p>
</gallery>


==THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIAL (The Anthropometre)==
==THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIAL (The Anthropometre)==
===Links===
'''Links'''
 
[https://www.thisisnotthat.com/structural-differential Explanation of SD with video footage of Korzybski explaining abstraction]<br>
[https://www.thisisnotthat.com/structural-differential Explanation of SD with video footage of Korzybski explaining abstraction]<br>
[http://esgs.free.fr/uk/art/sands-ch25.pdf PDF from the ESGS (European Society for General Semantics) on the Structural Differential with lots of photos of SD (see images below)]<br>
[http://esgs.free.fr/uk/art/sands-ch25.pdf PDF from the ESGS (European Society for General Semantics) on the Structural Differential with lots of photos of SD (see images below)]<br>
Line 51: Line 64:
[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1539194A Patent application filed by Korzybski]<br>
[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1539194A Patent application filed by Korzybski]<br>


===Images===
'''Images'''
<gallery>
<gallery>
SD 01.jpg|Relief Anthropometer (Structural Differential) suitable for hanging, image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11
SD 01.jpg|<p class="caption>Relief Anthropometer (Structural Differential) suitable for hanging, image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11
Structural-Differential-700W-1574H-Cropped.gif|Image from https://www.sevensimplesteps.net/struct-diff.php
Structural-Differential-700W-1574H-Cropped.gif|<p class="caption>Image from https://www.sevensimplesteps.net/struct-diff.php</p>
Structural_differential_01.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_01.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_02.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_02.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_03.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_03.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_04.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_04.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_05.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_05.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
AKwDeluxAnthrop 0001.jpg|Korzybski with 'deluxe, '3-D' model of Anthropometer with the rotary fan, the 'disk' where there is no disk, around 1927. Image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11/chapter-27-measure-of-man-part-3.html
AKwDeluxAnthrop 0001.jpg|<p class="caption>Korzybski with 'deluxe, '3-D' model of Anthropometer with the rotary fan, the 'disk' where there is no disk, around 1927. Image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11/chapter-27-measure-of-man-part-3.html</p>
US1539194 01.jpg|Page 1 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential
US1539194 01.jpg|<p class="caption>Page 1 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential</p>
US1539194 02.jpg|Page 2 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential
US1539194 02.jpg|<p class="caption>Page 2 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential</p>
</gallery>
</gallery>


==THE ELECTROPSYCOMETER (The E-Meter)==
==THE ELECTROPSYCOMETER (The E-Meter)==
===Links===
'''Links'''
===Images===
 
[https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/E-Meter/ A VERY comprehensive website on the Scientologist e-Meter (lotsa images)]


'''Images'''


<gallery>
<gallery>
BurroughsEMeter.jpeg| William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (1)
BurroughsEMeter.jpeg|<p class="caption>William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (1)</p>
BurroughsEmeter2.jpg| William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (2)
BurroughsEmeter2.jpg|<p class="caption>William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (2)</p>
EMeterPatent.PNG|Patent diagram of e-Meter (1954)
EMeterPatent.PNG|<p class="caption>V.G. Mathison's patent diagram of e-Meter (1954)</p>
E-meter 0.jpg|The e-meter, as marketed by Scientologists. Image from https://commonsenseatheism.net/tag/e-meter/
US3290589 01.jpg|<p class="caption>Patent application filed by L. Ron Hubbard for "Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body" (1966), page 1</p>
Scientology e meter blue annotated.jpg|An annotated Scientologist's e-meter. Image from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scientology_e_meter_blue_annotated.jpg Wikimedia Commons]
US3290589 02.jpg|<p class="caption>L. Ron Hubbard's patent, page 2</p>
Mark v e meter annotated.jpg|<p class="caption>Annotated Mark V e-meter</p>
Hubbard2.gif|<p class="caption>L. Ron Hubbard in the late 1960s, making an adjustment to the Mark V E-Meter. From ''The Book Introducing the E-Meter'', by L. Ron Hubbard</p>
E-meter 0.jpg|<p class="caption>The e-Meter, as marketed by Scientologists. Image from https://commonsenseatheism.net/tag/e-meter/</p>
Scientology e meter blue annotated.jpg|<p class="caption>An annotated Scientologist's e-Meter. Image from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scientology_e_meter_blue_annotated.jpg Wikimedia Commons]</p>
</gallery>
</gallery>


==THE HOMEOSTAT==
==THE HOMEOSTAT==
===Links===
'''Links'''
===Images===
 
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250893458_Psychiatry_synthetic_brains_and_cybernetics_in_the_work_of_W_Ross_Ashby Article by Andrew Pickering on Ashby's Homeostat and the brain]
 
'''Images'''
<gallery>
<gallery>
 
homeostat.JPG|<p class="caption>The Homeostat. Image from https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2011/02/23/an-ontology-of-unknowability/</p>
Homeostat1.jpg|Homeostat| Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby.png|<p class="caption>Wiring diagram of the Homestat. Image from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby_fig1_250893458</p>
Homeostat2.jpg| Homeostat| Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Homeostat1.jpg|<p class="caption>Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info</p>
homeostat_quadruple_coil3.jpg|Homeostat Quadruple Coil| Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Homeostat2.jpg|<p class="caption>Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info</p>
D4BAshby.jpg | Cover for W. Ross Ashby's ''Design for a Brain'' (1951)
Homeostat diagram.png|<p class="caption>The homeostat. This principle provides a  simple way of looking at the homeostat and of understanding its working. It can be regarded as a part A coupled to a part B (from ''Introduction to Cybernetics'' by Ross Ashby)</p>
homeostat_quadruple_coil3.jpg|<p class="caption>Homeostat Quadruple Coil: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info</p>
D4BAshby.jpg|<p class="caption>Cover for W. Ross Ashby's ''Design for a Brain'' (1951)</p>
</gallery>
</gallery>


==THE PORTAPAK: SONY VIDEOROVER DV-2400 (1967)==
==THE PORTAPAK: SONY VIDEOROVER DV-2400 (1967)==
===Links===
'''Links'''


[http://vintage-technics.ru/Eng-Sony_AV-3400-2.htm Many, many photos of the Sony AV-3400 (and other models)]
[http://vintage-technics.ru/Eng-Sony_AV-3400-2.htm Many, many photos of the Sony AV-3400 (and other models)]


===Images===
'''Images'''


<gallery>
<gallery>
Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera.jpg|The Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak
Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera.jpg|<p class="caption>The Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak</p>
Sony a1.gif|The handheld camera for the Sony AV-3400
Sony a1.gif|<p class="caption>The handheld camera for the Sony AV-3400</p>
Video rover dv-2400 portapack.jpg|Video Rover DV 2400 (1967)
Video rover dv-2400 portapack.jpg|<p class="caption>Video Rover DV 2400 (1967)</p>
Sony AV-3400 circuit-audio.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's audio system</p>
Sony AV-3400 circuit-video.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's video system</p>
Sony AV-3400 circuit-demodulator.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's demodulator system</p>
</gallery>
</gallery>
==Meta-diagram==
[[File:Floop_meta_diagram.jpg|600px]]
</p>

Latest revision as of 19:47, 18 September 2020

THE GOVERNOR

Links

Images

M. SPECULARIX (The Cybernetic Tortoise)

Links

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLULRlmXkKo

A news reel in which Grey Walter demonstrates the Cybernetic Tortoise

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZJfsD3Ksu4

Recent demonstration with excellent description of how the Cybernetic Tortoise works

Images

SEER (SEquence Extrapolating Robot)

Links

Browser-based game developed at MIT media lab, a demonstration of Shannon's Mind-reading (?) Machine

Images

THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIAL (The Anthropometre)

Links

Explanation of SD with video footage of Korzybski explaining abstraction
PDF from the ESGS (European Society for General Semantics) on the Structural Differential with lots of photos of SD (see images below)
General Semantics vs Scientology
Patent application filed by Korzybski

Images

THE ELECTROPSYCOMETER (The E-Meter)

Links

A VERY comprehensive website on the Scientologist e-Meter (lotsa images)

Images

THE HOMEOSTAT

Links

Article by Andrew Pickering on Ashby's Homeostat and the brain

Images

THE PORTAPAK: SONY VIDEOROVER DV-2400 (1967)

Links

Many, many photos of the Sony AV-3400 (and other models)

Images


Meta-diagram