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THE GOVERNOR

Links

Images

Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve
Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central valve stem is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right
Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine
Boulton & Watt engine of 1788

M. SPECULARIX (The Cybernetic Tortoise)

Links

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLULRlmXkKo

A news reel in which Grey Walter demonstrates the Cybernetic Tortoise

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZJfsD3Ksu4

Recent demonstration with excellent description of how the Cybernetic Tortoise works

Images

W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise. Image from Science and Society Picture Library/Getty images
In this time-lapse photo from 1950, Walter has a smoke while one of his cybernetic tortoises roams about the living room. Image from Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
View of a so-called 'turtle' robot, designed by neurophysiologist and robotician Dr. William Grey Walter, named Elsie as it seeks bright lights with its sensors, April 1950. The sign reads 'Machina Speculatrix (Testudo); Elmer; Elsie (Habitat - W. England); Please Do Not Feed These Machines.' Image from Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
Movement of the Cybernetic Tortoise. Image from THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN: Sketches of Another Future by Andrew Pickering. University of Chicago Press, 2010. Also available here from this review of the book: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/machines-minds-and-madness
CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)c. 1951 - desktop demonstration version
The circuit diagram of CORA (M. Docilis) from Scientific American, Aug 1951. Image from Cybernetic Zoo
W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise without carapace
Grey Walter with demonstration version of CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)
Diagram of Cybernetic Tortoise (here referred to as a "turtle), Life Magazine, April 1950
A tortoise built to the M. Docilis specification i.e. with the conditioned reflex. The student who built it was Ewald Eichler and it was built as part of his diploma thesis -Ewald Eichler: Ein umuetlabhaengiger Automat (Travail de diplome a l’Universite techniquo de Vienne, 1954). More information available via http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/
Another view of the Eichler Tortoise. Image from Cybernetic Zoo
Circuit diagram for the Eichler Tortoise. Image from Cybernetic Zoo
Image from a Russian pamphlet of the Cybernetic Tortoise, 1969. Image from Cybernetic Zoo. PDF of pamphlet also available via Cybernetic Zoo.

SEER (SEquence Extrapolating Robot)

Links

Browser-based game developed at MIT media lab, a demonstration of Shannon's Mind-reading (?) Machine

Images

Claude Shannon's 1953 Outguessing (Mind-reading) Machine, at the MIT Museum. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html
Another view of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine
Operating diagram of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine
David Hagelbarger (who built the first outguessing machine), with his device. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html

THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIAL (The Anthropometre)

Links

Explanation of SD with video footage of Korzybski explaining abstraction
PDF from the ESGS (European Society for General Semantics) on the Structural Differential with lots of photos of SD (see images below)
General Semantics vs Scientology
Patent application filed by Korzybski

Images

Relief Anthropometer (Structural Differential) suitable for hanging, image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11
Image from https://www.sevensimplesteps.net/struct-diff.php
Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Korzybski with 'deluxe, '3-D' model of Anthropometer with the rotary fan, the 'disk' where there is no disk, around 1927. Image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11/chapter-27-measure-of-man-part-3.html
Page 1 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential
Page 2 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential

THE ELECTROPSYCOMETER (The E-Meter)

Links

A VERY comprehensive website on the Scientologist e-Meter (lotsa images)

Images

William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (1)
William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (2)
V.G. Mathison's patent diagram of e-Meter (1954)
Patent application filed by L. Ron Hubbard for "Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body" (1966), page 1
L. Ron Hubbard's patent, page 2
Annotated Mark V e-meter
L. Ron Hubbard in the late 1960s, making an adjustment to the Mark V E-Meter. From The Book Introducing the E-Meter, by L. Ron Hubbard
The e-Meter, as marketed by Scientologists. Image from https://commonsenseatheism.net/tag/e-meter/
An annotated Scientologist's e-Meter. Image from Wikimedia Commons

THE HOMEOSTAT

Links

Article by Andrew Pickering on Ashby's Homeostat and the brain

Images

The Homeostat. Image from https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2011/02/23/an-ontology-of-unknowability/
Wiring diagram of the Homestat. Image from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby_fig1_250893458
Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
The homeostat. This principle provides a simple way of looking at the homeostat and of understanding its working. It can be regarded as a part A coupled to a part B (from Introduction to Cybernetics by Ross Ashby)
Homeostat Quadruple Coil: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Cover for W. Ross Ashby's Design for a Brain (1951)