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Centrifugal governor.png| Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve
Centrifugal governor.png|<p class="caption>Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve</p>
Centrifugal_governor_and_balanced_steam_valve_(New_Catechism_of_the_Steam_Engine,_1904).jpg|Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central valve stem is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right
Centrifugal_governor_and_balanced_steam_valve_(New_Catechism_of_the_Steam_Engine,_1904).jpg|<p class="caption>Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central valve stem is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right</p>
Ashton_Frost_engine_governor.jpg|Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine
Ashton_Frost_engine_governor.jpg|<p class="caption>Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine</p>
Boulton_and_Watt_centrifugal_governor-MJ.jpg|Boulton & Watt engine of 1788
Boulton_and_Watt_centrifugal_governor-MJ.jpg|<p class="caption>Boulton & Watt engine of 1788</p>
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MzU3NTY0Mw.jpeg|<p class="caption>W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise. Image from [https://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10545770&itemw=4&itemf=0001&itemstep=1&itemx=1 Science and Society Picture Library/Getty images]</p>
MzU3NTY0Mw.jpeg|<p class="caption>W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise. Image from [https://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10545770&itemw=4&itemf=0001&itemstep=1&itemx=1 Science and Society Picture Library/Getty images]</p>
MzU3NjcxMQ.jpeg|In this time-lapse photo from 1950, Walter has a smoke while one of his cybernetic tortoises roams about the living room. Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/time-lapse-photo-of-american-neurophysiologist-and-nieuwsfotos/88452911 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]
MzU3NjcxMQ.jpeg|<p class="caption>In this time-lapse photo from 1950, Walter has a smoke while one of his cybernetic tortoises roams about the living room. Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/time-lapse-photo-of-american-neurophysiologist-and-nieuwsfotos/88452911 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]</p>
Gettyimages-88452850-2048x2048.jpg|View of a so-called 'turtle' robot, designed by neurophysiologist and robotician Dr. William Grey Walter, named Elsie as it seeks bright lights with its sensors, April 1950. The sign reads 'Machina Speculatrix (Testudo); Elmer; Elsie (Habitat - W. England); Please Do Not Feed These Machines.' Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/view-of-a-so-called-turtle-robot-designed-by-nieuwsfotos/88452850 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]
Gettyimages-88452850-2048x2048.jpg|<p class="caption>View of a so-called 'turtle' robot, designed by neurophysiologist and robotician Dr. William Grey Walter, named Elsie as it seeks bright lights with its sensors, April 1950. The sign reads 'Machina Speculatrix (Testudo); Elmer; Elsie (Habitat - W. England); Please Do Not Feed These Machines.' Image from [https://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto's/view-of-a-so-called-turtle-robot-designed-by-nieuwsfotos/88452850 Larry Burrows/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images]</p>
2010122150328224-2011-01BREVHayesFA.jpg|Movement of the Cybernetic Tortoise. Image from ''THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN: Sketches of Another Future'' by Andrew Pickering. University of Chicago Press, 2010. Also available here from this review of the book: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/machines-minds-and-madness
2010122150328224-2011-01BREVHayesFA.jpg|<p class="caption>Movement of the Cybernetic Tortoise. Image from ''THE CYBERNETIC BRAIN: Sketches of Another Future'' by Andrew Pickering. University of Chicago Press, 2010. Also available here from this review of the book: https://www.americanscientist.org/article/machines-minds-and-madness</p>
CORAdeLatilp1-x640.jpg| CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)c. 1951 - desktop demonstration version
CORAdeLatilp1-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)c. 1951 - desktop demonstration version</p>
GreyWalterSciAmAug51p4-x640.jpg|The circuit diagram of CORA (M. Docilis) from Scientific American, Aug 1951. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/cora-cyberneticanimals/cora-the-tortoise-m-docilis/ Cybernetic Zoo]
GreyWalterSciAmAug51p4-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>The circuit diagram of CORA (M. Docilis) from Scientific American, Aug 1951. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/cora-cyberneticanimals/cora-the-tortoise-m-docilis/ Cybernetic Zoo]</p>
bareturtle-x640.jpg|W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise without carapace
bareturtle-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>W. Grey Walter's cybernetic tortoise without carapace</p>
GW_20150904_0001-2-x640.jpg| Grey Walter with demonstration version of CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)
GW_20150904_0001-2-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>Grey Walter with demonstration version of CORA (Conditional Reflex Analogue)</p>
ElsieV1_Lifep2.jpg|Diagram of Cybernetic Tortoise (here referred to as a "turtle), Life Magazine, April 1950
ElsieV1_Lifep2.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of Cybernetic Tortoise (here referred to as a "turtle), Life Magazine, April 1950</p>
EichlerTortoisePic1.JPG|A tortoise built to the M. Docilis specification i.e. with the conditioned reflex. The student who built it was Ewald Eichler and it was built as part of his diploma thesis -Ewald Eichler: Ein umuetlabhaengiger Automat (Travail de diplome a  l’Universite techniquo de Vienne, 1954). More information available via http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/
EichlerTortoisePic1.JPG|<p class="caption>A tortoise built to the M. Docilis specification i.e. with the conditioned reflex. The student who built it was Ewald Eichler and it was built as part of his diploma thesis -Ewald Eichler: Ein umuetlabhaengiger Automat (Travail de diplome a  l’Universite techniquo de Vienne, 1954). More information available via http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/</p>
EichlerTortoisePic2.JPG|Another view of the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]
EichlerTortoisePic2.JPG|Another view of the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]</p>
EichlerTortoisePic4.JPG|Circuit diagram for the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]
EichlerTortoisePic4.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram for the Eichler Tortoise. Image from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1954-vienna-turtle-eichler-zemanek-austrian/ Cybernetic Zoo]</p>
Mk 1969 01-Robot-Tortoise-Model-x640.jpg|Image from a Russian pamphlet of the Cybernetic Tortoise, 1969. Image from [https://cyberneticzoo.com/tag/cybernetic-tortoise/page/2/ Cybernetic Zoo]. [http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/mk_1969_01-4Robot-Tortoise-Model.pdf PDF] of pamphlet also available via Cybernetic Zoo.
Mk 1969 01-Robot-Tortoise-Model-x640.jpg|<p class="caption>Image from a Russian pamphlet of the Cybernetic Tortoise, 1969. Image from [https://cyberneticzoo.com/tag/cybernetic-tortoise/page/2/ Cybernetic Zoo]. [http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/mk_1969_01-4Robot-Tortoise-Model.pdf PDF] of pamphlet also available via Cybernetic Zoo.</p>




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Shannon.jpg|Claude Shannon's 1953 Outguessing (Mind-reading) Machine, at the MIT Museum. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html
Shannon.jpg|<p class="caption>Claude Shannon's 1953 Outguessing (Mind-reading) Machine, at the MIT Museum. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html</p>
01-claude-shannon mind-reading-machine 1953.jpg|Another view of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine
01-claude-shannon mind-reading-machine 1953.jpg|<p class="caption>Another view of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine</p>
08-claude-shannon mind-reading-machine-operating-diagram 1953.jpg|Operating diagram of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine
08-claude-shannon mind-reading-machine-operating-diagram 1953.jpg|<p class="caption>Operating diagram of Shannon's Mind-Reading (?) Machine</p>
Hagelbarger Machine.jpg|David Hagelbarger (who built the first outguessing machine), with his device. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html
Hagelbarger Machine.jpg|<p class="caption>David Hagelbarger (who built the first outguessing machine), with his device. Image from http://wpoundstone.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-i-beat-mind-reading-machine.html</p>
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===Images===
===Images===
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<gallery>
SD 01.jpg|Relief Anthropometer (Structural Differential) suitable for hanging, image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11
SD 01.jpg|<p class="caption>Relief Anthropometer (Structural Differential) suitable for hanging, image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11
Structural-Differential-700W-1574H-Cropped.gif|Image from https://www.sevensimplesteps.net/struct-diff.php
Structural-Differential-700W-1574H-Cropped.gif|<p class="caption>Image from https://www.sevensimplesteps.net/struct-diff.php</p>
Structural_differential_01.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_01.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_02.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_02.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_03.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_03.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_04.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_04.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
Structural_differential_05.jpg|Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)
Structural_differential_05.jpg|<p class="caption>Diagram of SD, image from PDF available at ESGS website (see above link)</p>
AKwDeluxAnthrop 0001.jpg|Korzybski with 'deluxe, '3-D' model of Anthropometer with the rotary fan, the 'disk' where there is no disk, around 1927. Image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11/chapter-27-measure-of-man-part-3.html
AKwDeluxAnthrop 0001.jpg|<p class="caption>Korzybski with 'deluxe, '3-D' model of Anthropometer with the rotary fan, the 'disk' where there is no disk, around 1927. Image from https://korzybskifiles.blogspot.com/2014/11/chapter-27-measure-of-man-part-3.html</p>
US1539194 01.jpg|Page 1 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential
US1539194 01.jpg|<p class="caption>Page 1 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential</p>
US1539194 02.jpg|Page 2 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential
US1539194 02.jpg|<p class="caption>Page 2 of Korzybski's patent application for the Structural Differential</p>
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BurroughsEMeter.jpeg| William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (1)
BurroughsEMeter.jpeg|<p class="caption>William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (1)</p>
BurroughsEmeter2.jpg| William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (2)
BurroughsEmeter2.jpg|<p class="caption>William S. Burroughs with e-Meter (2)</p>
EMeterPatent.PNG|V.G. Mathison's patent diagram of e-Meter (1954)
EMeterPatent.PNG|<p class="caption>V.G. Mathison's patent diagram of e-Meter (1954)</p>
US3290589 01.jpg|Patent application filed by L. Ron Hubbard for "Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body" (1966), page 1
US3290589 01.jpg|<p class="caption>Patent application filed by L. Ron Hubbard for "Device for measuring and indicating changes in resistance of a living body" (1966), page 1</p>
US3290589 02.jpg|L. Ron Hubbard's patent, page 2
US3290589 02.jpg|<p class="caption>L. Ron Hubbard's patent, page 2</p>
Mark v e meter annotated.jpg|Annotated Mark V e-meter
Mark v e meter annotated.jpg|<p class="caption>Annotated Mark V e-meter</p>
Hubbard2.gif|L. Ron Hubbard in the late 1960s, making an adjustment to the Mark V E-Meter. From ''The Book Introducing the E-Meter'', by L. Ron Hubbard
Hubbard2.gif|<p class="caption>L. Ron Hubbard in the late 1960s, making an adjustment to the Mark V E-Meter. From ''The Book Introducing the E-Meter'', by L. Ron Hubbard</p>
E-meter 0.jpg|The e-Meter, as marketed by Scientologists. Image from https://commonsenseatheism.net/tag/e-meter/
E-meter 0.jpg|<p class="caption>The e-Meter, as marketed by Scientologists. Image from https://commonsenseatheism.net/tag/e-meter/</p>
Scientology e meter blue annotated.jpg|An annotated Scientologist's e-Meter. Image from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scientology_e_meter_blue_annotated.jpg Wikimedia Commons]
Scientology e meter blue annotated.jpg|An annotated Scientologist's e-Meter. Image from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scientology_e_meter_blue_annotated.jpg Wikimedia Commons]</p>
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===Images===
===Images===
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homeostat.JPG| The Homeostat. Image from https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2011/02/23/an-ontology-of-unknowability/
homeostat.JPG|<p class="caption>The Homeostat. Image from https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2011/02/23/an-ontology-of-unknowability/</p>
Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby.png|Wiring diagram of the Homestat. Image from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby_fig1_250893458
Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby.png|Wiring diagram of the Homestat. Image from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Homeostat-wiring-diagram-Source-Ashby-1948-p-381-Figure-3-Permission-the-Ashby_fig1_250893458</p>
Homeostat1.jpg| Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Homeostat1.jpg|<p class="caption>Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info</p>
Homeostat2.jpg| Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
Homeostat2.jpg|<p class="caption>Homeostat: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info</p>
Homeostat diagram.png|The homeostat. This principle provides a  simple way of looking at the homeostat and of understanding its working. It can be regarded as a part A coupled to a part B (from ''Introduction to Cybernetics'' by Ross Ashby)
Homeostat diagram.png|<p class="caption>The homeostat. This principle provides a  simple way of looking at the homeostat and of understanding its working. It can be regarded as a part A coupled to a part B (from ''Introduction to Cybernetics'' by Ross Ashby)</p>
homeostat_quadruple_coil3.jpg| Homeostat Quadruple Coil: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info
homeostat_quadruple_coil3.jpg|<p class="caption>Homeostat Quadruple Coil: Ashby Digital Archive: http://www.rossashby.info</p>
D4BAshby.jpg| Cover for W. Ross Ashby's ''Design for a Brain'' (1951)
D4BAshby.jpg|<p class="caption>Cover for W. Ross Ashby's ''Design for a Brain'' (1951)</p>
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Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera.jpg|The Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak
Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera.jpg|<p class="caption>The Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak</p>
Sony a1.gif|The handheld camera for the Sony AV-3400
Sony a1.gif|<p class="caption>The handheld camera for the Sony AV-3400</p>
Video rover dv-2400 portapack.jpg|Video Rover DV 2400 (1967)
Video rover dv-2400 portapack.jpg|<p class="caption>Video Rover DV 2400 (1967)</p>
Sony AV-3400 circuit-audio.JPG|Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's audio system
Sony AV-3400 circuit-audio.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's audio system</p>
Sony AV-3400 circuit-video.JPG|Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's video system
Sony AV-3400 circuit-video.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's video system</p>
Sony AV-3400 circuit-demodulator.JPG|Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's demodulator system
Sony AV-3400 circuit-demodulator.JPG|<p class="caption>Circuit diagram of the AV-3400's demodulator system</p>
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Revision as of 13:17, 8 September 2020

THE GOVERNOR

Links

Images

M. SPECULARIX (The Cybernetic Tortoise)

Links

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLULRlmXkKo

A news reel in which Grey Walter demonstrates the Cybernetic Tortoise

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZJfsD3Ksu4

Recent demonstration with excellent description of how the Cybernetic Tortoise works

Images

SEER (SEquence Extrapolating Robot)

Links

Browser-based game developed at MIT media lab, a demonstration of Shannon's Mind-reading (?) Machine

Images

THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIAL (The Anthropometre)

Links

Explanation of SD with video footage of Korzybski explaining abstraction
PDF from the ESGS (European Society for General Semantics) on the Structural Differential with lots of photos of SD (see images below)
General Semantics vs Scientology
Patent application filed by Korzybski

Images

THE ELECTROPSYCOMETER (The E-Meter)

Links

A VERY comprehensive website on the Scientologist e-Meter (lotsa images)

Images

THE HOMEOSTAT

Links

Article by Andrew Pickering on Ashby's Homeostat and the brain

Images

THE PORTAPAK: SONY VIDEOROVER DV-2400 (1967)

Links

Many, many photos of the Sony AV-3400 (and other models)

Images


Meta-diagram